Tag Archives: Bowling Green

The Twisted Tale of the Corvette That Nobody Wanted

National Corvette Museum

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Glance at the photos from the National Corvette Museum’s current exhibit, called “Driven to Preserve,” and likely you won’t even notice the inconsequential yellow 1979 Corvette C3, presently perched on a lift above a Chevy C4, painted “Silver Beige,” that is one of the “Malcolm Konner Commemorative Edition Corvettes.” The model was a formal tribute to the man billed as “the world’s largest Corvette dealer,” whose store was in Paramus, New Jersey. Konner died from a heart attack in 1983, and Chevrolet built 50 special-edition Corvettes in his honor.

1979 Yellow Corvette part of exhibit
National Corvette Museum

As pedigrees go, the Konner Commemorative may be among the lesser known, but at least it has a pedigree, something that yellow ’79 Corvette does not. It spent its life as a feral lab rat, poked and prodded and then left for dead. It has a tale to tell, though, and a pretty good one, confirming that it belongs in this Driven to Preserve exhibit, located at the National Corvette Museum next to the Corvette plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The exhibit runs through January of 2027.

The yellow ’79’s story is recalled here by 76-year-old Ralph Montileone, who, at 18 and on summer break from classes at the University of Missouri took a temporary job at the legendarily large General Motors assembly plant in St. Louis. In its three million square feet, as many as 35,000 employees built everything from GMC pickups to Buick Roadmasters.

And, beginning with the 1954 model year, they built the Corvette. Be aware that the story Montileone tells does not turn out the way it should. But there’s some appropriate automotive redemption at the end.

Ralph Montileone QC Manager Corvette Bowling Green Assembly retired yellow corvette
Retired quality manager Ralph Montileone (R) and Johnny Griffin on the day of the unveiling of the restored yellow ’79 Corvette at NCM.Courtesy Ralph Montileone

Montileone was initially pleased when he was assigned to Corvette assembly, where he was instructed to drive new Corvettes off the assembly line, perform several tests on them, then drop the cars at the next station. It seemed like a plum gig for a rookie, but the Corvette plant was ancient and cramped, originally used to make wooden parts for GM products—doors, floors, wheels, you name it. The building became a warehouse after that mission was complete, overhauled decades later to welcome the 1954 ‘Vette. The 1953 Corvette had been built in a makeshift factory in Flint, Michigan, which was dismantled after producing that first-year model of the car.

Montileone said the building was chilly in the winter, scorching in the summer: “It would get to be a hundred degrees in there.” Even cranking the partly-glass roof open was little help. There was a lot of fiberglass dust in there, and any breeze would blow it into the air.

Summer ended but Montileone stayed on, figuring he could return to school later if he wanted. He didn’t. He stuck with Chevrolet and Corvette for 52 years.

Corvettes-Parking-Lot-St-Louis-Assembly-Plant
GM

Despite its history, General Motors eventually decided to close the St. Louis plant, which had sprouted from a Chevrolet factory built there in 1919. It would be gradual, taking six or seven years, until the last car rolled off the line in 1986. Corvette would leave St. Louis much sooner than that.

Corvette’s immediate future was complicated and had multiple moving parts.

Chevrolet wanted an entirely separate factory for Corvette, not something that piggybacked on other brands. And GM wanted to put some distance between the Corvette and St. Louis. Chevy was “trying to bring back the reputation of Corvette,” said Montileone. “In St. Louis, it was known that the quality of the car leaving the plant was not the best.”

St-Louis-Last-Corvette-Off-The-Line
GM

Also, the St. Louis GM workforce was mercurial, given to periodic strikes and perennial labor issues. The plan, Montileone said, was to “get away from the stereotypes that had been out there for decades about big car plants, be they Ford, Chrysler, GM,” and inevitable issues with the United Auto Workers union. “We were told to go in and build this state-of-the-art facility, because there were people, visionary guys up in Detroit, who could see a future for the Corvette.”

The strategy included dumping the St. Louis employees, then hiring locally for the workers they’d need for a clean-sheet Corvette plant. “There was no agreement then that the people who built Corvettes in Missouri would be able to transfer to Kentucky,” Montileone said. “We actually believed that we were going to have to hire the entire workforce. We’d need 400 to 600 people,” and they all needed to be trained on, well, everything.

So Montileone was among the first to pack up and move 350 miles away to Bowling Green, Kentucky, which had been chosen over several other locations, including Mississippi, Kansas City, and Waco, Texas. “I was one of a very small group of people who actually got the keys to the building.”

That building, a former Chrysler Airtemp air conditioning plant, was the difference between Bowling Green and the other locations. Bowling Green, Montileone recalled, was a “brownfield” site, meaning it had a building that was zoned and ready to go. The other possible locations were “greenfield” sites, meaning GM would have to build a factory from the ground up.

So the air conditioning factory, which was only seven years old when it closed, changed over to build Corvettes, starting with the 1981 model. Montileone’s job as head of quality control was to recruit talent and train them on what everything does and where everything goes.

Ralph Montileone QC Manager Corvette Bowling Green Assembly young family
The Montileone family in Bowling Green, circa 1985. By then, Montileone’s company car was this black convertible, the first C4 Convertible produced and not yet available to the public. GM allowed him to drive it in a St. Patrick’s Day parade. His wife, Phyllis, drove her 1973 blue coupe.Courtesy Ralph Montileone

They scrounged frames and engines and seats and wheels, and had them delivered to a closed-down Chevrolet dealership in Bowling Green that was repurposed to handle training. But there was a problem: Montileone needed a complete working, driving Corvette to demonstrate how all those parts worked in concert.

Finding a proper Corvette that moved under its own power doesn’t sound like much of a problem, but apparently it was. There was no budget for ordering a new Corvette or buying one off the lot. He was told to find one within the company. “It was a popular belief at General Motors that somebody would have had some Corvettes just sitting around,” Montileone said, but nobody did.

1979 Yellow Corvette rear lower
National Corvette Museum

Finally, he heard about this yellow 1979 model, located up at the Milford Proving Grounds in Michigan. He called, and the person he talked to told him the car was “kind of a hybrid. It’s actually a ’79, but we started doing some development for 1980 on it, so there are some parts on that car that are a little bit different.” Montileone was told he could have it if he wanted it, “and I said, well, beggars can’t be choosers.”

The Bowling Green plant and the St. Louis Corvette plant would both be building 1981 models—it was a tossup as to whether a customer would be better off buying a brand-new factory’s first product, or the last car from a doomed factory, built by workers who were likely to lose their jobs.

1979 Yellow Corvette high angle rear three quarter
National Corvette Museum

The yellow ’79 was retrofitted with all the proper parts. It was the only fully functioning Corvette that Montileone had. “I trained hundreds of people on that car,” he said. “We had to hire at a high level, people who were somewhat self-directed but who could still follow the rules and guidelines on how to assemble a car.” Bowling Green did not have a manufacturing economy, so few applicants—aside from farmers, who maybe knew how to work on tractors—brought the requisite experience. After all, the leading industry in town was the Union Underwear Company, a Bowling Green staple since 1941.

But Montileone and the others in charge of hiring and training got the job done. Bowling Green was ready.

And then came the news we warned you about.

“There is a sad part to this story,” Montileone said. “All the people we trained during that year and a half—we didn’t hire a single one of them. Between 400 and 600 people, and we didn’t hire a single one.

Ralph Montileone QC Manager Corvette Bowling Green Assembly team
Montileone, hands crossed, front and center in the light blue shirt. At this stage of product development for the C4, he had to explain that the vehicle met all government and corporate quality benchmarks and was ready to sell to the public.Courtesy Ralph Montileone

“There were negotiations going on up in Detroit,” Montileone said, and it involved a backlash to the GM plan to lay off everybody in St. Louis. “But back then, that was the practice. It could have been at any of the 40-odd plants GM had across the country: You did not get to transfer with your job like you can today.” The thought, he said, was that “We’ve got to hire new people who don’t have bad habits.” Still, the UAW and GM came to an agreement that the Corvette plant would be staffed by St. Louis workers. Period.

“It was very emotional for both places—St. Louis was losing this big giant plant that had been there since the ‘20s, and Bowling Green was going to hire all these people we’d trained and pay them a good salary,” Montileone said.

Ralph Montileone QC Manager Corvette Bowling Green Assembly 1st vehicle photo
Montileone (far right) with his entire quality team of reports, circa 1981, inside the Bowling Green facility. The yellow ’79 was outside at the time this was taken.Courtesy Ralph Montileone

And as for the yellow ’79?

Abandoned again, parked out back, unwanted. Eventually it was donated to a local vocational school’s automotive program, but before long even they didn’t want it any longer. GM told them to disassemble it, take the body off the frame, the engine out of the car, because that Corvette could never be titled and driven on the street for liability reasons, so it could only be sold for parts. “GM couldn’t guarantee the quality of the car, so it had to be taken apart,” Montileone said.

Those parts were sold at auction, and that was that for the yellow ’79.

1979 Yellow Corvette part of exhibit
National Corvette Museum

Or was it? A local Bowling Green man named Johnny Griffin, who loved Corvettes—“He probably knew as much about them as any of us,” Montileone said—trained to work at the Corvette plant, his dream job, but was never hired. His affection for Corvettes never wavered, though, and he remembered the yellow ’79, and for years, kept asking Montileone what happened to it.

When Griffin learned it was being auctioned off, part by part, he bought it and stored it all away. He tried to convince the Corvette Museum that it should be saved, that it was a legitimate part of the Bowling Green plant’s history, and they finally listened. The yellow ’79 ended up with the museum’s restoration team, which reassembled and restored it. And now, it lives in a pretty high-rent neighborhood.

1979 Yellow Corvette part of exhibit
National Corvette Museum

Appropriately so, said Ryan Eichler, director of the museum’s marketing and communications.

“People come to the Corvette Museum, and they see the cars on display and the artifacts we’ve saved, but they’re left wondering about the process we use to preserve and maintain it all. That’s what this exhibition is about. Because even in the case of that yellow ’79, the car came to the museum in parts, and our preservation team put it all together, which allowed us to put it on display.”

1979 Yellow Corvette side
National Corvette Museum

Good, said Montileone. He moved away to Tennessee, but he’s a frequent visitor to the museum and a major supporter of the heritage it represents. “Corvette is better than ever. Just like we hoped it would be.”

For The Silo, Steven Cole Smith/Hagerty

Art and Science of Hunting Rare Corvettes

Another boss article via friends at Hagerty. Vintage Corvettes have been bought and sold as collector vehicles for decades, and so you could be forgiven for thinking that all the hot ones have been accounted for, and that the current body of research has documented all that’s known about them.

That’s not the case, and to seasoned Corvette hunters like Kevin Mackay, that’s actually good news. Mackay started his business, Corvette Repair, 30 years ago in Valley Stream, N.Y. His timing could not have been better. Chevy had just launched the exciting C4 model, and the Corvette collector hobby was shifting into hyper drive. That trend brought a renewed interest in the Corvette’s heritage, including racing.

Canada Corvette Connection?

There were already expert collectors well versed in Corvette history, but history has a way of changing. As deeper dives would reveal gaps in Corvette knowledge, those who applied the resourcefulness and tenacity of TV police detective Columbo were able to find and authenticate super-rare Corvettes.

1968 Sunray DX L88

You won’t find Mackay wearing a rumpled raincoat around his shop, but his detective work continues to uncover cars thought to have been lost. Some of those are race cars that have come through his shop, including the 1960 Briggs Cunningham Le Mans car, 1962 Yenko Gulf Oil, 1966 Penske L88, 1968 Sunray DX L88 (found in a barn) and 1969 Rebel L88. All were Le Mans, Daytona or Sebring class winners. Corvette aficionados will see a pattern: Among lost Vettes that Mackay hunts are ones campaigned in those races.

The Rebel was one of the most successful C3 Corvette race cars ever, winning the GT class at Daytona and Sebring in 1972, where it also took fourth overall behind two prototype-class Ferraris and a prototype Alfa Romeo. Mackay tracked the car to a southern scrapyard 24 years ago and restored it; the car sold at Barrett-Jackson’s Scottsdale sale in January 2014 for $2.86 million usd/ $3.95 million cad.

“I know where every Corvette that raced Le Mans is,” Mackay said. Knowing, of course, is only the start of a long road to acquiring a car. Aspiring Corvette hunters might take note of other cars that grab Mackay’s interest.

Listen to What The Man Says

It could go without saying that any Corvette collector would want to stumble upon an L88 hiding in a barn. It’s a comparatively small group of cars, but it’s bigger than originally thought.

“We located 13 factory L-88 cars not previously known,” said Mackay, adding that three of the 20 1967 L88s are still missing. So, when an elderly man approached him with a claim that he still owned a 1967 L-88 that he bought new, Mackay listened, if with a skeptic’s ear.

“That happens a lot,” he said. “Guys claim they have a car that nobody has ever seen.”

A doubter may dismiss such claims, but Mackay says his experience has shown that sometimes, they lead to Corvette treasure. For example, he knows of a 1967 L-89 car, one of 16 made, that hasn’t been seen in decades; it was driven just 11 miles / 17.7KM from new and put away.

Not every lead pans out, but patience can lead to gold, Mackay advises.

“I waited 11 years to buy one particular car,” he said. “I’d call the owner every year. It was all about building trust.”

And so comes another lesson in hunting and buying classic Corvettes: It’s not always about the money. Mackay said that some owners are too emotionally attached to their cars to let go. And some never do, leaving valuable cars to be auctioned by heirs. In such cases, years of patience and building trust can seem wasted. But Mackay loves the challenge of the hunt.

For another car, he waited 19 years. And he’s got a list of others.

“There are two cars I’ve been waiting nine years to buy,” he said. “I always tell the owner that he’s just holding them for me for free storage.”

Follow the Clues

Many car enthusiasts enjoy reading old magazine articles. Mackay reads them for clues. “I look for names of people associated with cars, such as race mechanics, and then I look for those people,” he said.

Knowing where a Corvette was sold can be a help for an experienced hunter. If you have a Corvette’s VIN, you can get its original shipping data – including the selling dealer – from the National Corvette Restorers Society (NCRS) for $40. Even if the dealer is no longer in business, the information could lead to other clues.

Sometimes, answering an ad for parts leads to whole cars. While hunting down a lead on parts for a 1969 Baldwin-Motion Phase III Corvette, Mackay stumbled across a super-rare Phase III GT that turned out to be a car a customer owned when new and had regretted selling many years before. Mackay has also found engines and then later located the cars they belong to.

Serial Boxes

Some collectors like to own “firsts” and “lasts” and therefore hunt low and high serial number cars. The top prize in that category would of course be the very first Corvette built, but the first two were test cars thought to have been destroyed. Yet, as Lt. Columbo might ask, “Where’s the body?”

Mackay can claim something close. He found the original chassis to 1953 serial No. 3 for a customer. He explained: “The first three made were test cars. Before GM sold No. 3, they swapped the chassis, because the first one had been used in Belgian block testing, and there were concerns about possible stress cracks.”

Somehow, the first chassis got out of GM’s grasp and was discovered underpinning a 1955 body in the 1970s. Another chassis swap ensued, and 1953 No. 3 just needed to be reunited with its original body. Mackay said the owner of that car, however, was not interested.

So, instead, Mackay is building a unique cutaway 1953 Corvette around the chassis. It’s something he said could be shown and enjoyed by the whole Corvette hobby.

Other aspects can catch a collector’s fancy. It should be no surprise that original color can affect value, but the effect might be bigger than you thought.

“Black is the most sought-after color for Vettes,” said Mackay. “A black 427/435 car could be worth double a green version.”

And then there are production oddities, the kinds of things that likely would never happen on today’s computerized assembly lines with their just-in-time parts inventory control systems. The fabulous center knockoff wheel offered as an option for the 1964-1966 Corvette actually made an earlier appearance. Mackay said 12 cars got the wheels in 1963. One is claimed to be a Z06 “big-tank” car.

Have a clue to a “lost” Corvette? Mackay would love to hear about it: corvetterepair@yahoo.com For the Silo, Jim Koscs/Hagerty.